Apparatus for constructing hollow cement monoliths or blocks.



B. BIANGHI.

APPARATUS FOR CONSTRUCTING HOLLOW CEMENT MONOLITHS 0R BLOCKS.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 11, 1010.

1,040,856. Patented 0013.8,1912.

2 .SHEBTS-SHEET 1.

V2262 66(565 fiZWIZ for v ZZZ2 Bia7zi COLUMBIA PLANOURAPH c0, WASHINGTON, D c.

E. BIANOHI.

APPARATUS FOR GONSTRUOTlNG HOLLOW CEMENT MONOLITHS 0R BLOCKS.

APPLXOA'I'ION rum) APR.11,1910.

1,040,856. Patented 0ct.8,1912.

I 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

y fifly. m

DUO: g Ell CHI! 1:113 C 'EI Q ELIA IBIAN'CHI, OF MILAN, ITALY.

APPARATUS FOR GONS'IRUCTING HOLLOW CEMENT MONOLITI-IS OR BLOCKS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 8, 1912.

Application filed April 11, 1910. Serial No. 554,788.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ELIA BIANCHI, a subject of the King of Italy, residing at 16 Via Meravigli, Milan, in the Kingdom of Italy, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Constructing Hollow Cement Monoliths or Blocks, of which the following is a specification.

In constructin cement buildings the various methods heretofore employed may be classified under the following heads (1.) Construction in reinforced or ferroconcrete. Construction by means of small hollow blocks of concrete formed by mechanical kneading which are produced by molding machines. In practice the first of these methods presents defects such for example as the irregularity of the surfaces when the application of the cement is finished and the cost of the scaffoldings for applying the concrete. In the second method of small hollow blocks used are obtained by compressing the mixed materials in an almost dry state. These materials present but little cohesion; they are porous and exceedingly hygrometric and consequently their life and strength is limited. Finally the cost price of these small blocks is considerable owing to the high price of the molding machine.

The employment of the special apparatus which forms the object of the present invention tends to obviate the above defects by rendering it possible to obtain constructional materials, perfect in structure and cohesion and economical to produce; scaffolding is not necessary for erectin the building, nor expensive machines for orming the blocks. This result is obtained: (a) By filling the molds with wet concrete of normal composition and allowing it to solidify for a considerable time (10 hours or more) before being removed and used. Formed in this way the resultant monoliths are ver compact, strong and impermeable. b) By utilizing an apparatus which accelerates the manufacture of the hollow moholiths and their removal from the molds and which renders it possible to obtain several monoliths (as many as 16 if desired) in a single angle parts, mortising parts, shoulder parts,

channeled parts for shutters and parts for the architraves of doors and windows.

In accordance with the present invention the improved apparatus permits of obtaining the above named special parts without increased labor, thereby differentiating them from ordinary molds. The said apparatus likewise permits of producing by simple cold washing, which removes the incompletely hardened outer layer, the same result as hammering from the point of View of external appearance so that the effect ob tained after washing is that of artificial stones. This constitutes another advantage of the present process.

A number of embodiments of the present apparatus and of the products that may be obtained by means of the same are illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawing in which Figure 1 represents a mold in external front elevation. Fig. 2 is an external side elevation of the same mold. Fig. 8 is a horizontal section on the line AA of Fig. 1. Figs. 4: and 5 are respectively a side elevation and a section of a core for forming the holes. Figs. 6 and 7 are corresponding views during the withdrawal of the core. Fig. 8 is a top view of the core. Figs. 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 1 1 illustrate some typical monoliths. Fig. 15 illustrates a longitudinal section of a mold for casting the monolith serving for the embrasures of windows. Figs. 16 and 17 represent as an example of a multiple mold, a mold formed by coupling two normal molds which permits of obtaining a larger number of blocks in a single casting operation; one of these blocks is of the type represented in Fig. 13. Fig. 18 is a plan view of a part of a building com posed of monoliths molded in accordance with the present invention.

The mold which is represented by way of example in the drawing (Fig. 1) is of pararranged in juxtaposition bear.

imeans of a partition 10 (Fig. 15).

allelepiped structure and constituted by a bottom 1 to which two vertical outer walls 2, 3 are fixed; these Walls 2 and 3 are composedof elements 2 2 2. and,3 3 3 hinged-orotherwise connected one-with the the vertical walls 5 and 6 complete the en- 'velop of the parallelepiped structure; when the mold is assembled'the walls 2, 3 and 4' arev connected one with another by hasps 7.'1 The cores are composed of two identicali cuneiform parts 8 arranged in opposite di -f; rections as shown in Fig. 8 bycausmg ther fiat surfaces 9 to slide one upon the other;; when these parts have been arranged in the? g :mold they present the appearance indicated;

in Fig. 3 in which a b are the lines of divi-f sion along which the faces 9 of the partsf The cores: thus arranged in place leave cavities in which the cement poured in from above be-' lcomes massed; in the very simple mold rep-1 resented in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 the blocks repre-i sented in Figs. 9 and 10 are obtained. When:

it is desired to give these blocks a trapezoidal shape in order to form monoliths for use as window embrasures (Fig. 11) it is only nec-j essary to partition oil the interior of theg mold into which the cement is poured'by= In order to permit of readily withdrawing the cores they are rendered elastic by means? of a device shown in Figs. 4, 5, 6 and 73 the upper and lower walls of each semi-coref 8 are jointedto a central rod 13 1n such a.

manner that in pressing the'latt'er in the di v rection indicated by the arrow (Fig. 1) the;

parallel relation to each other while by actwalls 11, 12 are caused to set themselves ini ing in the direction of the arrow (Fig.

upon the rod 13 as is the case when the cores are withdrawn, the walls 11, 12 come to-j gether and in becoming detached from thei :cement enable the cores to be very speedily: withdrawn.

When it is desired to mold blocks for conjnecting transverse walls with longitudinal;

walls (Fig. 13 and Fig. 18, 0) recourse is hadi to the type of mold shownin Fig. 16 and in? Fig. 17; that is to say a mold of the normal type or a double mold such as represented; is arranged 1n Juxtapos1t1on to a part 14; ar-;

ranged jutting out from the general structure situated beneath. This mold 14 is dis-j placeable on rails 15 in such a manner that? monoliths differing one from the other regards the point of junction of the piecetition wall and having their outer ends rethat is to be interposed in the transverse wall can be cast. The monoliths are formed with a trapezoidal contour, that is to say with the ends slightly convergent; in laying them the vertical ridges d- (Figwl8) are-caused to coincide; they are directed toward the exterior'and thecuneiform interstice 0 formed by the divergence of the two contiguous faces is filled with cement or similar material which insures the rigidity of the entire system of masonry.

It will of course be understood that the molds and the form of the parts are described simply by way of example and any modifications not altering the principle of the invention are tobe regarded as comprised within its ambit.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is 1. A dismantable block mold consisting, in combination, of a base; pairs of opposed vertical side walls hinged at their lower edges to the marginal edges of the base, one pair of walls comprising a series of edge wise superposed sections having their mutually-adjacenthorizontal edges hinged together; a vertical partition wall hinged at its lower edge to said base and arranged between and in spaced parallel relation to said pair of walls; and removable connections between said partition wall and the adjacent sections of said side walls.

2. A dismantable block mold consisting, in combination, of a base; pairs of opposed vertical side walls hinged at their vlower edges to themarginal' edges "of the base,'one pair of walls comprising a series of edgewise'superposed sections having their mu- ,tually-adjacent horizontal edges hingedtogether; a vertical partition wall hinged at its lower'edge to said base and arranged between and in spaced parallel relation to said pair of walls;- and oppositelyextending pairs of connectingdevices attach-ed attheir inner ends to the vertical edges of said parmovably engaged with the verticaledges of the adjacent sections of said side walls.

8. A dismantable block mold consisting,

in combination, of a base; pairs of-opp-osed vertical side walls hinged at their lower edges to the marginal edges of the base, one pair of walls comprising a series of. ed-g ew-ise superposed sections having their-.mutuallyadjacent horizontal edges hinged together, the corresponding sections of said pair.- of walls being formed with registering :core openings; a. vertical partition wall hinged at its lower edge to said base and arranged between and in spaced parallel relation to said pair of walls, said partition wall being formed with a vertical series of core'openmgs wh ch reglstenwlth the core openings "in the adj acent sections of said pair of walls;

cores removably arranged within said mold and extending through the registering openings in said partition and side walls; and removable connections between the vertical In testimony whereof I afiix my signature 1n presence of two witnesses.

ELIA BIANCHI.

edges of said partition wall and the vertical Witnesses: edges of the adjacent sections of said side CHAS. H. SLIscHER, walls. LYLE ROBE.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G. 

